Genetic similarities and differences between humans

Humans cluster into populations of genetically similar individuals, but no population is truly unique; all share genetic features with all other populations. Clusters are evident by dark colors along the diagonal of the heatmap. Shared genetic features with geographically distant populations are evident in coloration in the off-diagonal elements.

		Genetic Distances
Group		Africa				Americas 1				East Asia				Western Europe				South Asia				Ethnic/ Cultural Group
Location		ACB	GWD	LWK	YRI	CLM	MXL	PEL	PUR	CDX	CHS	JPT	KHV	FIN	GBR	IBS	TSI	GIH	ITU	PJL	STU
Barbados ACB																						Afro-Caribbean
Gambia GWD		15																				Mandinka
Kenya LWK		16	21																			Luhya
Nigeria YRI		16	19	19																		Yoruba
Colombia CLM		63	67	69	71																	Colombian
Mexico MXL		61	66	67	69	22																Mexican-American
Peru PEL		64	68	69	71	28	15															Peruvian
P. Rico PUR		60	64	67	68	14	27	34														Puerto Rican
SE-Asia CDX		77	81	79	84	68	52	56	71													Dai
China-SE CHS		77	81	79	83	67	51	56	70	11												Han-South
Japan JPT		82	85	84	88	75	59	63	79	21	16											Japanese
Vietnam KHV		75	78	77	81	66	51	56	69	8	10	21										Kinh
Finland FIN		82	85	89	91	37	52	54	38	93	93	100	92									Finnish
UK GBR		76	79	83	84	27	43	46	26	88	87	95	86	16								British / Scottish
Spain IBS		69	73	76	77	17	31	39	14	75	74	83	73	33	21							Iberian
Italy TSI		69	74	76	78	19	35	40	15	79	78	87	77	30	19	10						Tuscan
Gujarat GIH		57	62	62	62	39	36	42	36	65	62	71	61	68	56	42	43					Gujarati
Andhra Pradesh ITU		56	60	61	59	45	43	46	43	72	70	77	69	73	61	50	51	18				Telugu
Punjab PJL		58	62	63	63	26	28	33	25	67	65	74	65	55	43	32	33	20	24			Punjabi
Sri Lanka STU		57	61	61	59	47	45	48	46	72	69	76	69	75	64	53	54	20	9	27		Tamil
Notes: 1. Populations in the Americas group are characterized by complex ancestry of indigenous peoples, Africans and Europeans due to the history of European colonization and exploitation.
Source: Data for genetic variation around the OCA2 genes was derived from the 1000 Genomes Project (https://www.internationalgenome.org/).
Methods: Genetic distances between the 2500 individuals in the dataset was determined for the OCA2 gene using Euclidean distance. Color intensity represents distances between the centroids of each population. Darker colors represent greater similarity